Introduction to Automotive Wiper Manufacturers: Basic Structure and Operating Principle of Windshield Wipers
Release Date:
2022-11-01
The windshield wiper is an essential component mounted on the windshield. Its function is to clear the windshield, ensuring unobstructed visibility by removing snow and dust. Consequently, it plays a crucial role in driving safety.
Introduction to the Basic Structure of Windshield Wipers by an Automotive Windshield Wiper Manufacturer
Using electric windshield wipers as an example, the manufacturer of automotive wiper systems introduces their basic structure and operating principle. An electric wiper is driven by a motor and typically consists of a wiper arm, a wiper blade assembly, a rubber blade, a blade holder, a wiper-arm pivot shaft, a wiper base plate, a motor, a reduction mechanism, a drive-linkage system, drive-linkage hinges, a wiper switch, and a wiper-switch knob. Of course, wipers equipped with a wiper ECU also include an electronic control unit. The electric windshield wiper is powered by a motor. The left and right wiper blades are pressed against the outer surface of the windshield by the wiper arms. The motor drives the reduction mechanism to rotate back and forth via the drive-linkage system, which in turn causes the wiper arms and blades to oscillate from side to side, thereby wiping the windshield.
Working Principle
The motor in the electric windshield wiper drives the output shaft via a worm gear mounted on the armature shaft. The output gear, in turn, transmits motion through an idler gear and idler shaft to the output arm connected to the wiper linkage. As the motor rotates, it causes the output arm and connecting rod to move back and forth. A resistor in the control switch is connected to the motor’s armature winding to regulate the motor speed; the driver can toggle the switch as needed to direct current into the motor’s input circuit.
The wiper is driven by an electric motor, which, through a linkage mechanism, converts the motor’s rotary motion into the reciprocating motion of the wiper arm (the portion of the windshield wiper assembly excluding the blade itself), thereby enabling intelligent wiper operation.
Typically, simply turning on the motor—i.e., activating the wiper switch—will cause the wipers to operate. By selecting either the high-speed or low-speed setting, you can adjust the motor’s current draw, thereby effectively controlling its rotational speed and, in turn, the wipers’ operating speed.
The wiper assembly comprises a motor, a reduction gearbox, a four-bar linkage mechanism, a wiper-arm pivot shaft, and the wiper-blade assembly. When the driver activates the wiper switch, the motor starts; its rotational speed is reduced and its torque increased by a worm gear, which in turn drives the oscillating arm. The oscillating arm then actuates the four-link mechanism, which in turn causes the rotating shaft mounted on the front bulkhead to swing left and right. This shaft, in turn, drives the wiper blades across the windshield. The primary power source for the wipers is an electric motor, which serves as the core of the entire wiper system. The motor must meet very stringent quality requirements. Typically, a DC permanent-magnet motor is used, and the wiper motor mounted on the front windshield is usually integrated with the mechanical components of a worm-gear reduction unit. The function of the worm-gear mechanism is to reduce the rotational speed while increasing the output torque.
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