Automotive wiper manufacturers explain common wiper malfunctions and how to address them.
Release Date:
2022-10-13
Automotive wiper manufacturers explain the common malfunctions of wipers, how to address them, and when it’s time to replace them.
Windshield wipers are designed to remove rainwater from the vehicle’s windshield, ensuring clear visibility in rainy or foggy conditions. Therefore, drivers should always use and maintain their wipers properly and have any malfunctions repaired promptly. Below, a leading manufacturer of automotive windscreen wipers will provide an overview and analysis of common wiper problems and recommended maintenance practices—when exactly should wipers be replaced? Let’s find out!
Common Wiper Malfunctions and Solutions
1. Maintenance of the motor when the wiper is not functioning
According to the automotive wiper manufacturer, motor failures and their repair methods are as follows:
(1) Rotor open-circuit or carbon brush wear in the motor can cause the operating current to bypass the motor. In such cases, the motor, rotor, or carbon brushes should be replaced.
(2) If the motor overheats for 4–5 minutes after power-up and subsequently burns out, the motor must be replaced.
(3) If the motor is short-circuited and burned out, check whether the wiper fuse has blown. The motor should be replaced or repaired, and the short circuit should be addressed.
2. Maintenance of the Power Supply and Electrical Circuit When the Wiper Is Not Working
The power supply and circuit faults, along with their troubleshooting methods, are as follows:
(1) The fuse has blown due to damage to other components in the wiper circuit. In this case, the operation of the wiper circuit and other related components should be inspected, and any damaged parts should be replaced.
(2) Inspect the accessories near the motor and check the installation condition of the terminals.
(3) Check each connection cable for correct wiring based on its color. If a connection is incorrect, rewire it to the correct configuration.
(4) Inspect the grounding wire; if contact is poor, it should be repaired.
3. The wipers are not working; inspect the switch and linkage.
The faults and repair methods for switches and linkages are as follows:
(1) If the switch is in poor contact with the circuit and the motor is not receiving power, the switch should be replaced.
(2) Inspect the connecting rod assembly; if any other components of the connecting rod are jammed or the connecting rod has become detached, repair it.
(3) Check whether the rocker arm can move back and forth. If the rocker arm is burnt out or rusted and cannot be moved, apply lubricant or replace it.
4. Maintenance of the Slow Wiper Operation
According to the automotive wiper manufacturer, the main causes are: dirt on the wiper blades and the outer surface of the windshield; excessively low supply voltage; poor electrical contact in the wiring; inadequate lubrication of the motor bearings and reduction gears; poor contact between the motor carbon brushes and the commutator; and soft carbon brush springs. Maintenance methods include: cleaning oil and grime from the wiper blades and the windshield surface with clean water; appropriately increasing the motor control output voltage; inspecting and improving wiring contacts; and resurfacing the commutator.
5. Repair of the wiper emergency stop
The primary reasons are that the motor’s internal gear train may become jammed within the reducer housing, or the fuse may blow.
During maintenance, the reduction mechanism must be disassembled to identify the cause of the jamming, ensuring that the pull rod can move freely within the housing. In addition, the causes of open-circuit and short-circuit conditions must be pinpointed and eliminated.
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